![]() The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somaliland dating back to the 4th millennium BCE. During the Stone Age, the Doian and Hargeisan cultures flourished here. The ancient shepherds raised cows and other livestock and created vibrant rock art paintings. The area of Somaliland was inhabited around 10,000 years ago during the Neolithic age. See the Laas Geel, Dhambalin and Dhaymoole Wild animals depicted in the caves of Dhaymoole, many of which have gone extinct in the region ![]() Īt the Grand conference in Burao held in 1991 many names for the country were suggested, including Puntland, in reference to Somaliland's location in the ancient Land of Punt and which is now the name of the Puntland state in neighbouring Somalia, and Shankaroon, meaning "better than five" in Somali, in reference to the five regions of Greater Somalia. The name "Republic of Somaliland" was taken upon the declaration of independence following the Somali Civil War in 1991. Four days later, on 1 July 1960, Somaliland united with Italian Somaliland. In 1960, when the protectorate became independent from Britain, it was called State of Somaliland. The British established a protectorate in the region referred to as British Somaliland. The area was named when Britain took control from the Egyptian administration in 1884, after signing successive treaties with the ruling Somali Sultans from the Isaaq, Issa, Gadabursi, and Warsangali clans. The name Somaliland is derived from two words: " Somali" and "land". See also: Somalis § Etymology Map of Somaliland in the 19th century It is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, an advocacy group whose members consist of indigenous peoples, minorities and unrecognised or occupied territories. It is the largest unrecognised state in the world by de facto controlled land area. However, Somaliland's self-proclaimed independence has not been officially recognised by any UN member state or international organisation. Somaliland hosts representative offices from some countries, including Ethiopia and Taiwan. The central government maintains informal ties with some foreign governments, who have sent delegations to Hargeisa. Since 1991, the territory has been governed by democratically elected governments that seek international recognition as the government of the Republic of Somaliland. The Government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to British Somaliland, which, as the briefly independent State of Somaliland, united from 1960 to 1991 with the Trust Territory of Somaliland (the former Italian Somaliland) to form the Somali Republic. The capital and largest city is Hargeisa. ![]() Its claimed territory has an area of 176,120 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi), with approximately 5.7 million residents as of 2021. It is located in the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Ethiopia to the south and west, and Somalia to the east. Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an unrecognised state in the Horn of Africa, recognised internationally as de jure part of Somalia. ![]()
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